Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
THS is a painful ophthalmoplegia caused by nonspecific inflammation of the cavernous sinus or superior orbital fissure.
- The International Headache Society criteria for THS include the following:
- Episode(s) of unilateral orbital pain for an average of 8 weeks if left untreated.
- Associated paresis of the third, forth, or sixth cranial nerves, which may coincide with onset of pain or follow it by a period of up to 2 weeks.
- Pain that is relieved within 48 hours of steroid therapy initiation Exclusion of other conditions by neuroimaging and (not compulsory) angiography.