PHLEBOLITHS : calcification of a thrombus in a pelvic vein.
most common d/d of urinary calculi
phleboliths are rounded, with a central lucency, seen in true pelvis.
usually multiple.
URETERIC CALCULUS : is usually oval or angular in contour, rather than round, and does not have lucent centre.
ureters do not cross the line joining the two ischial spines. calcification below this line - ureteric calculus unlikely.
most common d/d of urinary calculi
phleboliths are rounded, with a central lucency, seen in true pelvis.
usually multiple.
URETERIC CALCULUS : is usually oval or angular in contour, rather than round, and does not have lucent centre.
ureters do not cross the line joining the two ischial spines. calcification below this line - ureteric calculus unlikely.
Most common sites of impaction of ureteric calculus.
Pelvi-ureteric junction
Site of ureter crossing iliac A
UVJ
Pelvi-ureteric junction
Site of ureter crossing iliac A
UVJ
\'LUCENT stones\' ( not seen on xray - however, still seen on CT )
URIC ACID STONES
acidic urine
excessive non-veg food
salicylates / thiazides (uricosurics)
gout
MATRIX STONES
only coagulated mucoids, not crystalline elements.
cause - UTI with urease producing org.
XANTHINE STONES
rare
URIC ACID STONES
acidic urine
excessive non-veg food
salicylates / thiazides (uricosurics)
gout
MATRIX STONES
only coagulated mucoids, not crystalline elements.
cause - UTI with urease producing org.
XANTHINE STONES
rare
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75% - calcium phosphate / calcium oxalate / mixed.
15% - triple phosphate (\'infection stones\') - 70%Of staghorn calculi.
10% - uric acid / cystine.
15% - triple phosphate (\'infection stones\') - 70%Of staghorn calculi.
10% - uric acid / cystine.